(New contest!) It might get loud.
To get you all riled up and excited like I am for the opening of the new film It Might Get Loud (opening in coastal NY/LA theaters Friday), I have a sweet poster signed by director Davis Guggenheim to give away.
I got little goosebumps of excitement when I saw this trailer, and I might have even uttered a profanity (sorry Mom).
Blue Orchid – White Stripes
From the clips I’ve seen, this movie draws me in because all three guitar players (Jack White, The Edge and Jimmy Page) truly, humbly love music and feel called to express part of themselves through the guitar. I love watching what flits across their faces as they watch each other play — the hint of a kid-like smile at seeing their idols at work.
The movie also seems to delve into how it can be almost like another language, this guitar playing — one that I can understand the meaning of when heard in the street, but I failed grammar class and could never speak a lick of it myself. As White says, “We’re all attempting to share something with another human being.” The Communication major in me thought that angle was pretty cool, and I can’t wait to hear more.
TO WIN THE POSTER: Leave me a comment saying which one of the three guitarists you are most interested to see and hear from and watch in this film, and why. I’ll pick a winner on Friday! (and sorry but you must be a U.S. resident to win)
In one of the press clips of the film that I got to screen, Jack White talks about how he came into making music through a Detroit co-worker (Brian Muldoon) at an upholstery apprenticeship he did in high school. The band they formed was fittingly called The Upholsterers, and their first 7″ was Makers of High Grade Suites (2000).
Even in these blisteringly raw tracks, you can hear the rumblings of what was to come from Jack White:
Apple Of My Eye – The Upholsterers (Jack White & Brian Muldoon)
I Ain’t Superstitious – The Upholsterers (Jack White & Brian Muldoon)
Pain – The Upholsterers (Jack White & Brian Muldoon)
The documentary also shows the making of a U2 single (I saw clips of The Edge out at a beach home, noodling), has original music from Page, and yields a new song written on the spot by Jack White for the film (his Fly Farm Blues single is out today on Third Man Records).
It might get loud, indeed.
Can i “cheat” and say what i’m most looking forward to seeing/hearing is the interplay jams between all three? i’m envisioning a blues jam session that is going to bring down the house. Page and White particularly are masters of that genre. Man, i’m getting excited just thinking about it.
CD — August 11, 2009 @ 7:28 am
I’m most interested in watching Jack White. Hopefully, he’ll talk about how he creates his music & how he has time to make so much good music. I’ve never been a fan of the Edge, but working with two of my favorite guitarists in the world might change my mind.
Oh,one more thing, if I win the poster, I’ll utter several profanities while jumping up & down.
ArylW
Aryl W — August 11, 2009 @ 7:43 am
The Edge is amazing, White is one of the most currently versed musicians but Paige blows them away in what I think the movie details, and that is getting loud on guitar, and boy did Jimmy get LOUD.
Ryan — August 11, 2009 @ 7:51 am
Jimmy Page! Of the three, he is the one with the most “story” and influence over my personal growth in music. Page is a true rock evolutionist and a personal hero. Yet, all three together should be a fairly powerful blow … or a complete trainwreck.
Ryin — August 11, 2009 @ 8:16 am
I’d have to go with Jack.
I know it’s sacrilege to talk bad about the mighty Zep, but they’ve never really been my thing. Don’t get me wrong, they’ve made some great songs – Gallows Pole, Fool in the Rain, and Going to California being some of my favorites – but I’ve never been a Zep or nothing kind of guy.
My non-love for U2 may not be so much sacrilege as it is a simple betrayal of my generation, but they’re not really my bag, either. I have this memory…I was probably 8…maybe 10 years old…I’m in Phoenix visiting some relatives, and my cousin – older than me by five years or so – asks me if I like U2. In spite of wanting to impress my older cousin, I blew off U2 and proclaimed my love for Ozzy, AC/DC and Poison. While my love affair with 80′s rock is long over (except for Poison’s Fallen Angel – that one’ll always hold a special place in my heart), it has never really translated into an affair with U2.
Jack White on the other hand…
When the wife and I were newlyweds, we were Taebo-ing, but got sick of listening to Billy Blanks tell us what to do over and over, so I turned on…I’m guessing…KEPC and Fell in Love with a Girl was on. Had it been the video, I probably would have fallen in love with a Meg, but since it was just the music, I fell in love with a Jack, instead.
JJ — August 11, 2009 @ 8:21 am
I am most looking forward to seeing Esteban. His QVC and Home Shopping Network appearances inspired an entire generation of insomniacs to . . .
. . . what? He’s not included in the documentary? That’s bullsh**, man.
I gotta go with Jack White. When I first saw the trailer a few months ago and he rigs up an Improvised Musical Device out of a piece of wood, a glass bottle, and (probably) some chewing gum, I knew I had to see the film. He’s a rock ‘n roll MacGyver.
Honorable mention goes to The Edge for being different than White and Paige in that he doesn’t demonstrate a huge blues influence. It seems like White and Paige are torchbearers, while The Edge started his own fire.
The Edge might be your third man, girl, but it’s a fact the he’s the seventh son.
Dave — August 11, 2009 @ 8:30 am
Jack White.
I must admit that I have never been a big fan of The White Stripes until their last album (Icky Thump). However, the recent bout of music that Jack White put out has caused me to suddenly take far more interest in him. Plus, I heard that he started as a drummer and we all know the drummer is the most important member of the band. Enough said.
Faites — August 11, 2009 @ 9:07 am
Definitely Jack White. I’ve been looking forward to seeing “It Might Get Loud” for a while now, but since I saw the Dead Weather at First Avenue a few weeks back I can’t get enough of anything Jack White. After listening to almost nothing but “Horehound” for a couple weeks straight I finally started to mix it up with some White Stripes and Raconteurs.
TC — August 11, 2009 @ 9:31 am
These are probably the 3 greatest guitarists around, but I’d have to say Jack White. I love all 3 of the bands he’s been in, and he is just a guitar god. The main reason I’m interested in the movie is the meeting of the 3, from different generations (sorta), and very different styles of the great genre of rock music. They are all fantastic, and I am very much looking forward to hearing what they have to say to each other.
Tim — August 11, 2009 @ 9:40 am
Definitely most interested in Jack White. I’m pretty much a late adopter when it comes to new fads. (My brother tells the story of how he was embarrassed to buy me a copy of PJ’s TEN, explaining to the record store clerk it was for me!) So I was not a believer in all the White Stripe hype. Until, that is, I saw their weeklong engagement on the Conan O’Brien show. The very last nite, Jack White was absolutely possessed, even leaping up on Conan’s desk at one point, shredding his @ss off. I became a Jack White fan immediately, for life.
falzone — August 11, 2009 @ 9:51 am
I’m most interested in The Edge. I love all three and I think they are all great musicians in their own way. While Jimmy Page was able to reach the pinnacle of success commercially, I believe the Edge has sustained it longer and used his podium in more worthy pursuits. Plus, he did it with only name I can’t wait to hear what pushed him to it.
3is4
3is4 — August 11, 2009 @ 9:58 am
The Edge. He has added the most music to the most significant moments of my life.
Seamus — August 11, 2009 @ 10:06 am
Jimmy Page! He shaped rock music. The other two guys wouldn not have been playing the way they do were it not for Jimmy. He grew up in my home town. His name even sounds like mine too. He is literally a magician.
Djimi Paij — August 11, 2009 @ 10:35 am
I want to see and hear from Jack White. I’ve loved him in The White Stripes, the Raconteurs and now Dead Weather. He seems like a very interesting guy, and I’d love to know more about him and his personal thoughts.
Dena — August 11, 2009 @ 11:15 am
i’m especially excited about seeing Mr. Jimmy Page in this because the other two guys are bastard children of his style from two wildly different mothers!
Darren — August 11, 2009 @ 11:16 am
I am really interested in hearing Jimmy Page’s take on both the edge and jack white’s styles. Both of the latter are fantastic musicians, but are in general quite different.
JR — August 11, 2009 @ 11:20 am
i’m curious to see if the Edge takes his damn beanie off, i’m curious to see if Jack wears white make up and talks about upholstery, and i’m curious to see how Jimmy learns these guys how to really play a guitar. Although i love some JW guitar.
Gur — August 11, 2009 @ 11:31 am
Jack White because he is a ROCK MONSTER and there’s a vid of him playing NYC Cops with The Strokes. Also, this poster would look great next to my massive Dead Weather poster.
Hanan — August 11, 2009 @ 11:58 am
Jimmy Page, hands down. Not because I know & love everything he’s done though. Quite the opposite! I know & love everything The Edge & Jack White have done, but my Zeppelin knowledge is woefully lacking & I can’t wait to see Page’s take on the world of guitar playing. It feels like I’ve been waiting forever for this film to come out, and I’m so glad it’s almost here.
Jill — August 11, 2009 @ 1:03 pm
I’m definitely interested in what the Edge has to say about music and the guitar and how it was like being a part of U2 and just watching him play. My mom brought me up a U2 fan, and she apparently played all their records to me while I was in the womb! The Edge is simply incredible, I love everything he brings to U2 and how even though Bono is the lead singer, U2 would be nothing without The Edge. The sweeping guitar are like EPIC, I can’t help it I love him! He has a special place in my heart =) (That’s of course not to say that Jack White and Jimmy Page are awesome too)
I would love to win the poster! Thanks so much!
Katherine Lee — August 11, 2009 @ 1:06 pm
I saw this film at Sundance and it blew my mind. It was one of the best docs I’ve ever seen. Afterwards Jack White came up on stage and answered some questions. Unforgettable experience, and fantastic film. Everyone should see it.
Tim — August 11, 2009 @ 1:37 pm
Even though Jack White is my favorite guitarist, I’ll have to go with Jimmy Page. I would like to hear about how he developed his style, how much of an influence Clapton and Jeff Beck had on him based on his time following them in the Yardbirds, and also what he thinks about the guitarists, such as Kirk Hammet, Jack White, and Mike McCready, who were obviously influenced in a large part by his music.
brian s. — August 11, 2009 @ 1:41 pm
Although he may be my least favorite of the three guitarists, I’m most excited to see the parts with The Edge. This decision bearing two reasons. The first is that the movie promises to show original music by Page, new music by White and the making of a single for U2. Meaning that while the other two guitarists are in their own element, making their own riffs for their own songs, The Edge is part of a collaboration. A collaboration that most music fans have always assumed has been fronted by the ever-ubiquitous Bono. Yet, with this we’ll hopefully see what goes on behind Bono’s sunglasses, and hear the real talent of the band, complete with his distortion tricks and methods.
That being said, I am excited for The Edge’s piece because he links the other two together. Sure, Jack White can probably rip a blues joint with Page, but they are separated by decades of rock music and influence. It is The Edge that came out of the 1980′s as the generation’s frontrunner with the ax, and I’d like to see what he borrowed from Page’s days and gave on to White in his success.
All in all, the movie can be nothing less than brilliant, as the three people are all classy in their own right and so blissfully talented that they could put this on the radio and I’d still get a kick outta it. Cheers!
Eric — August 11, 2009 @ 3:08 pm
Wow. My sister first told me ab/ this movie and I had the same reaction as you when I first saw the preview. I think my exact words were “oh shit…this one is going to be amazing.” I’m most excited to see what The Edge has to say…he always seems so quiet – but in his defense, I’m sure anyone would seem quiet if their frontman was Bono. I’ve loved U2 since I first listened to them in High School.
Lindsay — August 11, 2009 @ 3:13 pm
When I first heard about the film I think I was most interested in hearing what The Edge had to say about playing guitar. But after reading this article just this morning
http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=57759
I really want to see Jack White’s segments now. Just reading a bit about him in this article has really got me interested in the whole Jack White persona; what’s real and what’s for show.
Honest Abe — August 11, 2009 @ 4:21 pm
As over played as Zepplin is, I gotta go with Jimmy Page. His guitar playing goes from delicate and beautiful to thrashy and LOUD. I tire of Robert Plant’s voice but never Page’s guitar playing. He took it to heights others can only dream of obtaining.And paved the way for The Edge, Jack White and every kid who picked up a guitar since the Yardbirds.
And I really want the poster.
Amen.
spookycat — August 11, 2009 @ 4:53 pm
Jack. I’ve never been more than a casual Stripes fan, but he’s such an enigmatic character, I’ve always been curious/nervous to see what he’s really like. I kinda want him to be, like, the surreal dick of the universe, but I bet he’s actually pretty normal. Also, to see him, the only real modern-day guitar icon, interact with Page and the Edge, two layers of the foundation of modern guitar rock, will be really fascinating.
Billy — August 11, 2009 @ 8:25 pm
Me, I’m partial to Jack White and his creative genious, but I’m going to have to go with Jimmy Page because I live with a die hard Jimmy Page fan who still puts on The Song Remains the Same on a regular basis. Jimmy ranks up there at the top of the list. Still a hard choice between three of the greatest guitar players. Definitely looking forward to seeing what they do together.
Suzanne — August 11, 2009 @ 9:33 pm
I am actually interested in seeing what all 3 have to say about the history of their music, and their experiences in the music business. I have had the pleasure of seeing all 3 men live in person. I guess if I had to pick one I would say Jimmy Page is the most interesting. I attended the Rock Hall inductions earlier in the year and had the privilege of seeing Jimmy play with Jeff Beck. It was a once in a lifetime experience. Jimmy has been in the eye of the music scene for over 40 years and is a member of the Rock Hall himself with 2 different historic bands. He has been very influential with his sped up riffs and metal-like playing style. It is certainly apparent in the music we have seen through the years, from The Ramones to Van Halen. I certainly hope the movie makes its way to the Pittsburgh area so I can get the big screen experience.
Dustin — August 11, 2009 @ 10:04 pm
Jack White
As I watched him creating the homemade guitar, I thought of Nick Cave’s song The Lyre Of Orpheus. Nobody currently does stripped down guitar playing better than Jack. This channeling of the early, almost scary sounds that formed the beginnings of blues music almost makes my eyes pop from their sockets and my tongue burst through my throat………well, almost!
Bart
Bartholamew Twang — August 12, 2009 @ 4:40 am
The experience of bringing the three of them together is to gain and live in the history of these three men – Page and his role in helping with the foundations of rock, Edge and his ability to make U2 be one of the greatest bands ever and White with his ability to wooo us with a plastic guitar and stage presence that must be seen, felt and lived. I’m excited about each of them for these different reasons but overall can’t wait until this film makes it to my local venue in September and I’m sure that the story and music presented will add to the rhythm that keeps our hearts beating, feet moving and lips singing along.
Mike — August 12, 2009 @ 5:48 am
Wow,
As far as guitarists go The Edge comes across as kind of a douche.
Listen to me play the chord clean. Now when I put it through so many effects processors you wouldn’t even be able to count, the sound turns into some drool worthy “lick”.
I once heard someone say they loved the Edge because of his delay.
I understand what they meant now, but it doesn’t mean he’s good.
librarycynic — August 12, 2009 @ 6:44 am
Heathah! (said with boston accent)
My vote is for the edge. I think he represents the creative and explorative guitar mind of the mix. Its hard to believe hes the icon he is, because sometimes it feels like hes not really playing the guitar. Everything he does is unique. Everything he does is his own, and hes bent the minds of music for decades now.
Its interesting that hes doing this film, because hes not really outspoken about being a great guitar player. Hes always been very modest, and if he does talk about it at all, it’s like a nerd/geek talking about cool effects and new breakthroughs. RARELY does he comment on his own style, performance or talent in the music.
so i expect he’ll be a gearhead during this film.
I could go on and on. the guy is epic in so many ways. a film cant even capture it.
btw, have you been following his twitters during the tour? hes just snapping pics with his phone and posting them… no comments, very rainman. they are kewl.
360FromTheEdge check it out.
Jeff Topping — August 12, 2009 @ 7:12 am
I’d say Jimmy Page. I love Jack White, and everything he does, but I want to see what Page has to say about the more modern guitarists, and the state of modern guitar in general. We’ve got the 70s, 80s&90s, and 00s represented here. That’s pretty cool.
Sam — August 12, 2009 @ 7:30 am
Re: Dave- August 11 comment post referring to Jack White as “The McGuyver of Rock”, couldn’t agree with you more!
This guy is all over the place with his love of music, guitar playing/sounds/volume, his interest in other bands/artists- past & present and he’s continously inventing his rock patent of individualism!
They gotta put this film up on I-Max with digital surround- serious vertigo!
vonnegurt5 — August 12, 2009 @ 8:50 am
Well, guess I’d have to say Page since I’ve seen Jack White & the Edge already. Although, JW grabbed me the first time a friend showed me a White Stripes DVD and I’ve been an admirer ever since then. Just saw The Dead Weather in Chicago a couple of weeks ago and he commands your attention no matter what he plays.
david — August 12, 2009 @ 9:00 am
Look, I think The Edge and Jack White are both incredible talents, no question. But it’s Jimmy Page we’re talking about here, sitting down and telling his secrets within the safe confines of a brotherhood of like-minded guitarists. Jimmy f#$@ing Page! (Sorry, Mom.)
Jason — August 12, 2009 @ 7:15 pm
…jimmy is the foundation, edge is the bricks while jack moved in and redesigned the whole house his way and made no excuses…a tough call but gotta go w/page since he is the fella i don’t feel i know that well.
Vin — August 12, 2009 @ 7:24 pm
I’d have to say Jack White…he’s the only one I haven’t seen…not sure what his beef is about playing Philly but his past three bands have not played here!!!!!
John Collius — August 12, 2009 @ 8:37 pm
Jack White. I love all of them, but Jack White is just fascinating, and has tried so many styles. Mainly of course I’m interested in what they have to say to each other, especially Page and White, as it seems like White continued a lot of the tradition established by Led Zeppelin. I’m also interested in what The Edge has to say, as kind of the odd man out.
Tim — August 12, 2009 @ 9:03 pm
holy sh*t buckets… why haven’t i heard of this film. if you really are going to make my choose. i will have to go with The Edge. His innovations in digital guitar processing gives U2 there defined sound and can be easily recognized in many modern bands. You hear one riff and you know who it is or who it was inspired by.
Nicole — August 12, 2009 @ 9:10 pm
I love ‘em all, but The Edge and U2 fascinate me at their staying power for over thirty years.
Logan — August 12, 2009 @ 9:46 pm
Jack. Definitely. He’s a near renaissance man, and the revivalist of organic music community in the mainstream market. Plus, he’s a pleasant enigma. And he seems like a nice chap.
Bruce — August 13, 2009 @ 2:02 am
The Edge
I know Jimmy is a legend and Jack can hold his own but the Edge has really pushed off in his own direction. We haven’t had enough musical innovators in the last few decades and of the few we’ve had, he truly stands out. From the chiming sound of I Will Folllow to the distorted sounds of Achtung Baby he has never been afraid to try new things. They’ve been around for 30 years, they’re still friends and they are still turning out great music. And to top it all off, they’re still good people. How can you not respect that? I know it’s not cool to like them but I listen to the music not the critics or the hipster snobs. Whenever I see them live, I take a new friend. Many of them go reluctantly but none of them have gone home without being a fan.
David — August 13, 2009 @ 6:35 am
I’m most interested in the Edge- all three are great guitarists, but the Edge’s distinctive sound has been soooooo oft copied, i wonder how he feels with that / deals with it. not sure if that will be in the film, but i often wonder if their “iconic” status ever bothers them creatively when folks emulate their style so much. i see this the most with The Edge. Thanks!
stevej — August 13, 2009 @ 9:53 am
Jimmy Page. I grew up on Jimmy. Led Zeppelin shaped my views of rock music and made me want to be able to create sound that made people feel the way I felt. It wasn’t ALL Jimmy, of course. Through Zep I found tons of other amazing bands, each one seeming to have their own personal view on how to use sound to create a different world for the listener. I remember when my dad got a DVD of a Led Zeppelin concert, for no other reason than so that we could sit and watch Jimmy play. Now I play guitar and piano and attempt to find my own way to create new worlds with the sounds they’re capable of!
Samantha — August 13, 2009 @ 10:53 am
Thanks Heather for the inside tip…love all 3! For all the same reasons and all the reasons they are unique. Jack is handcuffed to the blues but so dirty and nasty…Jimmy’s roots are in the blues with so much funk that it’s off the planet and The Edge is just black and blue and true. Can’t fn wait…I can’t choose…can u?
Al Vasquez — August 13, 2009 @ 1:52 pm
i’m your regular, slightly-better-than-average-ish guitar player. say what you will about edge, critics (i.e., “dude’s not a true guitar hero because he plays simple lines and drowns his tone in effects”)… but if i’m me (average guitar player)… and you tell me (average guitar player) that i can plug my strat into any rig on earth… i’ll tell you the choice is pretty simple, really. (simple guitar lines played through transcendent gear? i’m in.)
in a few weeks, i get to see edge break down the building blocks of his tone on a big screen. and i’m probably kidding myself, but i’m with jack. i’m hoping that edge will be tricked into “teaching me all his tricks.”
i’m at work, watching this clip. and i’m drooling a little.
http://www.billboard.com/features/exclusive-clip-it-might-get-loud-1004001865.story#/features/exclusive-clip-it-might-get-loud-1004001865.story
um. i might get hard.
Blake — August 13, 2009 @ 2:26 pm
I am most interested in the elder statesman, Jimmy Page. most likely, the other two (who are great, obviously) grew up wanting to be him. the man made the impossible possible for them…
Kelly — August 13, 2009 @ 3:47 pm
I am really geared up to hear stories from the Edge, but was an awesome line up! Page is rock royalty and he totally looks the part but of the three I think the most private person is the Edge and to gain a little glimpse into his world is going to be great.
-Mario
Mario — August 14, 2009 @ 5:09 am
Hi Heather:
Thanks for posting the trailer. It does look pretty amazing/promising doesn’t it?
Which of the three? Well, Jimmy Page looks great in the trailer, doesn’t he? So dapper and healthy!But The Edge has always seemed so quite and modest and underspoken, I look forward most to hearing him speak. And play with the pedals and the knobs.
Thanks once more for all that you do.
Christopher — August 14, 2009 @ 9:26 am
So who won the poster?
spookycat — August 15, 2009 @ 12:45 pm
I attended the LA opening last night with several others, which included a Q&A with the film’s director, the editor and the producer after the show. Lovely film, but frustratingly edited. We all wished there had been more actual playing, a whole lot more time with Jimmy and a whole lot less Jack. The editor admitted that at the start of the project he was quite familiar with Jack but knew nothing about Led Zep (?) Pity – it showed. Few have had a chance at getting Jimmy to open up so warmly and engagingly like this on camera, sharing tales of his early years, yet just when it seemed we were getting into some rich history from a legendary performer, the editor over and over cuts to the very talented but tiresomely self-absorbed young Jack, who tried way, way too hard to prove he’s so uniquely very very old school. It was like dwelling on the thoughts of a promising yet raw and not terribly respectful rookie while the wise, graying Babe Ruth sits quietly waiting his turn. Seemed a wasted opportunity, and there may not be another. Yet according to the director there is another 4 hours of film left on the cutting room floor that might be included in the future DVD release (including the 3 of them playing Kashmir together, among other tunes). We can only hope the editor keeps his hands in his pockets and lets it run uncut.
Tairon — August 15, 2009 @ 2:34 pm
whoa whoa whoa… I’m only going to watch this if Jonny Greenwood somehow makes a 45 minute cameo in the thing.
jc — August 17, 2009 @ 12:10 pm
Mike P. won the poster! Sorry i forgot to wrap this up earlier. Thanks for all the comments – I just personally noticed that the film opens next weekend in SF when I am there for Outside Lands. Maybe? Maybe? Would be fun to see. Rock on.
browneheather — August 19, 2009 @ 6:00 am
I AM IN LOVE WITH JACK WHITE! and have been since 1999 when they came out with their first album De Stijl. Ican’t tell you enough how i love his music and what he means to me personally. i am a musician myself, voice performance major and piano player. i went through a very rough time in my life right around the time when the White Stripes came out, right when i was entering college and i fell in love with Jack’s music. his incredibly unique and style of vocals won me over and listening to his music day and night as each album came out helped get me through that rough patch in my life. he was my savior. without him, i’m not sure how i could have gotten through it. i nonstop quote him, listen to him and promote him in everyway possible. ask any of my friends.
Ialso have just had a major accident and was burned very badly. i have had 15 surgeries so far and you’d think it would just be routine by now but it’s not. so do you know what i listen to before every surgery? my boy jack white. my biggest wish of all would be to meet him so to at least get this poster would mean so much to me during this difficult time in my life.
i just now read that after writing this whole thing that you have already awarded the poster to someone. so now i’m quite upset. maybe if you have something of jack, a poster or something to give out i would greatly appreciate it as i go into my 16, 17, and 18th surgeries here in the next two months. as you can tell my email address is jag 1975 for his original birthname and year he was born i hope maybe you can do something fo rme. thanks, sarah
Sarah Watterson — August 23, 2009 @ 4:43 pm